the United Nations ( UN )

The United Nations ( UN ) is the international organization that has most attention due to its global character,the emphasis of its charter on the problem of war and peace,and the wide range of its activity increasing in an interdependent world.but the UN is only a part of the modem of international organizations.in addition to the intergovernmental organizations with wide international responsibilities that have been brought into regularized relationship with the UN. as specialized agencies,there are other global organizations with highly specialized and technical functions and there are army of regional organizations with limited membership and varied function.
the Structure and Functions of the UN:
The Article 7/1 of the charter indicates that the structure of the UN. consists of six branches as follow:
1-The General Assembly.
2-The Security Council.
3-The Economic and Social Council.
4-The Trusteeship Council.
5-The Secretarait of the UN.
6-The International Court of Justice.

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1-The General Assembly 

The General Assembly is the most important branch of the UN.every member-state is represented in the General Assembly by five representatives but has one vote.The General Assembly is considered as a legislative power.so it has the right to discuss and make recommendations on all matters within the scope of the charter and the right to discuss the powers and functions of all other organs of the UN. it elects the ten non-permanent members of the security council and the 54 members of the Economic and Social Council. it approves the budget of the entire organization which is financed by contributions from its members and discuss the reports of all the other organs the UN. its decissions are taken by a two -thirds majority.

2-The Security Council

The Security Council is considered as an executive powers.it consists of 15 members,five of which are permanent members ( USA,USSR.France,Great Britan and Popular China) and ten of which are non-permanent members elected by the General Assembly for a one or two years term.The Security Council is responsible for the maintenance of peace and security of the Nations. it has the right to investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to friction between two or more countries.members of the Council,as well as other member-states of the UN. or even non-members as also the Secretary-General and the General Assembly may bring such disputes or situations to the councils attention.
The Council has the right to recommend procedures of peacful settlment. if there are a branch of peace of an act of agression, the Security Council has the right to take me asures of enforcement in order to restore the peace.these measures include severance of economic relation and if required action by air,and sea forces.
For these purpose the members of the UN.have agreed that the Council is acting for all of them and that they accept and carry out its decisions.
It is important to take into consideration that the decision of the Council on any matter other than the question of producer must be taken by an affirmative vote of 9 members including the votes of the permanent members.each state of the permanent members in the Council has the right to hinder this decision.this right is populary known as the veto provilage.the failure of the Security Council to reach to substantive decisions on many disputes was a result of the veto privilage.
We must knoqw that the presidency of the Council is held monthly in turn by the member states in English aiphahatical order has a number of commissions which advise and assist it on special matters.

3- The Economicand Social Council

The Economic and Social Council is one of the main branches of the UN. its function isto try and promote higher standards of living and conditions of economic and social development.On of the important tasks of the council is to bring the specialized Agencies into relationship with the UN. by agreements and to coordinate their activities.the Council is composed of 54 member-state,18 of which are elected every year by the General Assembly for a three years term.it meets as often as is required to perform its duties.the Council may invite observs representatives of specialized Agencies to participate in discussions without having had the right to vote about any matter of particular concern.the decisions of the Council must be taken by the majority of those members which are presenting and voting.

4- The Trusteeship Council

The Trusteeship Council is one of the branches of the UNO. its tasks are to further the international peace and security. and to promote the political economic,social and eductional advancement of the inhabitants of the Trusteeship Territories. and their progressive development twoards self-government in accordance with the circumstances of each territory and the wishes of its people.
Members of the Trusteeship Council are States administering Trust,Territories,permanent members of the Security Council which do not administrate Trust Territories and enough other non-administrating countries elected by the General Assembly for three years terms to ensure that the membership is equally divided between administrating and non-administrating members.

5-Secretarial of the UN

the Secretarial of the UN is considered as the administrative center of the UN. it consists of a Secratary-General and such staff as UN. may require the Secretary-General if the cheif administrative officer of UN.he is appointed by the General Assembly on recommendation of the Security Council. his term of office is five years.he has the right to bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his openion,may threaten international peace. he is required to submit an annual report to the General Assembly on the work of the UN.

6- International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the UN.it consists of 15 judges chosen by the General Assembly and the Security Council for a period of nine years.President and Vic-president of the Court are chiosen for a period of three years by the Court.