the Sovereignty of the State and the Rights and the Obligation of the State

The sovereignty of the State

Usually means the power and independance of the State to exercise its jurisdiction over its territory the State has exclusive jurisidiction over all persons and things upon its territory with certain exceptions.
When we say that a particular State is independent,we attribute to that State a number of rights,powers and privileges at International Law.Correlative to these rights,there are duties and obligations binding other States who enter into relation with it.these rights and duties are the very substance of the State independence.

The Rights of the State may be:

(a)-The power to control its own domestic affairs.
(b)-The power to admi.
(c)-The privileges of its diplomatic engoy in other countries.
(d)-The sole jurisdiction over crimes committed within its territory.

The Obligation which are binding the States are:

I-The duty not to perform acts of sovereignty on the territory of another State.
II-The duty to abstain and prevent agents and subjects from committing acts constituting a violation of another state independence or territorial supermancy.
III-The duty not to intervene in the affairs of another State.

Now we are going to give a short details about the rights and obligations connected with jurisdiction.
As general rule we can say that the State exercises jurisdiction over all persons and things within its territory.it has also a personal jurisdiction over its own subjects wherever they may be.but this jurisdiction  is not often exercised and cannot be enforced unless those subjects come within territory or on board vessels subject to the jurisdiction of the State.in short,we can say that every State has jurisdiction over:

(a)-All persons within its territory.those persons may be divided into the following classes:

*Citizens:Each State defines by itd municipal law what are the necessary conditions requires for a given person to acquire itsnationality and being one of its citizens.
*Domiciled aliens:These are persons of a foreign nationality who are permanently resident within a country.for most purposesthey are subject to its jurisdiction,but it cannot require from them political services.
*Travellers:Who passing through its territory.these are under its criminal jurisdiction and for some purpose under its civil jurisdiction also,but neither their personal Status not political rights are affected by its Law.

(b)-All things within its territory.these things may be devided into the following classes:

*Real property:This is enterly under the control of the State where it is situated.
*Ordinary personal property:In cases in which the owner is domiciled within the State where the property is situated,the local law applies,but if the property is in one State and the owner is domiciled in another the lex domicile as a rule previls.
*Its own-ships:Both public and private,in its waters.the authority over them is complete and extends to all acts done on board them.
*Foreign merchant vessels:Within ports and territorial waters with certain exceptions.
*All its ship on the hight seas:Thes can be no territorial jurisdiction on the open seas.Each State-therfore-exercises jurisdiction over all persons and things on board its vessels.